Distributions & Statistical Analysis



Abstract This section explores the simple statistical tools employed by chemists to interpret their measured results. A principle aspect is the comparison of measured results and the determination of whether or not the values are equivalent.

LevelBasic
This section is supported by chapter 4B-F in the e-book Analytical Chemistry 2.0. You can download chapter 4 here.

8 - Propagation of Uncertainty



How the uncertainties in multiple measurements propagate through a series of calculations.



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9 - Outlier-Data-Points



How outlier data points should be addressed.



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10 - Normal Distributions



How individual, and finite numbers of measurements, relate to an infinite number of measurements (normal distribution).



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11 - Significant Figures



How uncertainty determines the number of significant figures and how this is applied to calculations.



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12 - The Central Limit Theorem & Confidence Intervals



Defining confidence intervals based on a finite number of measurements.



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13 - Significance Testing



Using confidence intervals to determine equivalence in values from two sets of data.



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14 - Comparing Sample Means - Unpaired Data



Using confidence intervals to compare measured means from two separate sets of results for the same sample population.



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15 - Comparing Sample Means - Paired Data



Using confidence intervals to compare measured means for a range of samples measured by two separate entities.



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